Woodworking saws for hand use
BS 3159-1:1999 pdf free.Woodworking saws for hand use Part 1: Specification for hand saws.
5.1 Blades
The saw blades shall be manufactured from hardened arid tempered carbon or alloy steel to a uniform hardness a.s follows:
a) class 1 saws: 480 HV3O to 580 HV:30;
b) class 2 saws: 460 1 1V3() to 560 1 1V30;
c) class 3 and 4 saws: 440 HV3O to 540 HV3O.
The variation in hardness over any one bla(le shall not exceed 50 [IV:30 except at the tooth tips of hardpoint saws.
Where hardpoint teeth are specified for (laSs 3 and class 4 saws, the depth of hardening shall not exceed 75 % of tooth depth (see Figure 3).
The hardness of the tooth tip shall be a minimum of 540 HV5 when tested in accordance with
115 EN ISO 6507-1.
NOTE The equivalent values on other recognized hardness scales niay be LLSC(l in accordance with BS 860.
5.2 Handles
5.2.1 Handles shall be of the closed type.
5.2.2 Wooden handles shall be made from a hardwood such as beech. The timber shall be 501111(1, free from defects and properly seasoned within the moisture control range of 5 % to 12 %.
5.2.3 Plastic handles shall be manufactured from a polymer material which meets the following specification:
a) when tested to BS 2782-3:Method 350 at. —20 °C, resistance to impact shall be 2 Id/rn2
b) when tested to BS 2782-3:Met,hod 320B, tensile yield strength shall be 25 MN/ni2
c) when tested to BS 2782-3:Met.hod 320B, elastic modulus shall be 4 X 10 2MNm 2
The handle shall not exhibit brittle fracture in the temperature range —20 °C to 40°C when tested in accordance with BS 2782-3: Method 350.
5.3 Teeth
5.3.1 The mimber of teeth/points iwr 25 mm shall be th accordance with Table 1 (see also Figure 3). The teeth shall be evenly formed and typical tooth forms are shown in Figure 4.
5.3.2 The teeth shall be alternately set on either side of t.he blade. Approximately two-thirds of each tooth measured from the point shall be set, arid the method of setting shall be such that the remainder of the blade shall not be deformed.
The amount of set on each side of the bla(le shall he equal, and shall be related to the thickness of the toothed edge of the blade as follows:
a) Sa ws r cmss rutting and general use: not less than one-fifth, and not more than two-fifths the thickness of the toot bed edge on each side;
b) Saws for ripping: not less than one-quarter and not more than one—half the thickness of the tooth edge on each side.
5.3.3 The teeth of the saws other than hanlpoint te*th shall be capable of being reseL without breaking, to the maximum amount of set as specified in 5.3.2.
5.3.4 Tooth geometry shall be in accordance with Table 2.
6 Proportions and finish
6.1 General
Handsaw blades and handles shall comply with the following general requirements and with the specific requirements under each appropriate class. i.e. class 1, 2, 3 or 4 (see clause 7).
6.2 Blades
6.2.1 Blade proportions
Blade proportions shall be in accordance with
Figure 5.
6.2.2 Blade thickness
Blade thickness shall be in accordance with Table 3.
6.2.3 Finish
The surface of the blade shall have no hammer
marks or other imperfections.
6.2.4 Corner
The corner at the intersection of the toe and back shall not be sharp (see Figure 1).
6.2.5 Straightness
After testing in accordance with A. 1. the saw blade shall be visually straight and free from twist.
6.3 Handles
6.3.1 The handles shall be of the closed type.
6.3.2 The thickness of the handles shall be not less than 22mm.
6.3.3 The length of the hand hole shall be not less than 82 nilti.
6.4 Wooden handles
6.4.1 The handles shall be positively secured to the blade by means of rivets or screws as specified in the (lefinition of the class of saw eoiwenwd.
6.4.2 The handles shall be centrally slit and the width of the slot shall not be greater than is necessary to receive the blade.
6.4.3 The handles shall be smoothly finished and, where specified, shall be Polished all over.
NOTE For the puivs of this part uf BS 3151) a handle de,wrlbcd aa po1151wd when ft ha been coaLed with a pohah or lacquer. The rualuag may be applied by hand, dipping or qwaying.
6.5 Plastics handles
6.5.1 Plastics handles may be riveted, screwed or nioulded on and [hey shall be positively secured to the blade.
6.5.2 Where plastics handles are secured by means of rivets or screws, the handle shall be centrally slit and the width of the slot shall not be greater than is necessary to receive the blade.
6.5.3 Where plastics handles are insert moulded. the plastics material shall flow and weld through keying holes in the blade.
6.5.4 11w handles shall be free froni moulding defects, such as flash, which may cause injury to the user.
7.1.5 The teeth shall be sharpened as follows:
a) saws for cross-cutting: fully-cross sharpened (see 3.10):
b) saws for ripping: straight. sharpened (see 3.12).
7.1.6 The handle shall be of the closed type secured by four or five screws according to the size of the saw, and shall 1w polished all over.
7.1.7 When tested in accordance with Al the L)Iade shall be capable of being bent in both directions round a test block with a diameter of 250 mm, after rl1jch It shall spring bark to Its original straightness.
7.2 Class 2
7.2.1 A class 2 saw is a good quality saw for the use of craftsmen, which shall be skew-barked, flat or taper ground, sharpened, with a wooden handle.
7.2.2 The blade shall be flat or taper ground and polished. Where taper ground the minimum thickness at the back of the toe shall be at least 0.13 mm less than the thickness at the toothed edge.
7.2.3 The toothed edge shall be straight or breasted.
7.2.4 The teeth shall be sharpened as follows:
a) saws for cross-cutting: half cross sharpened (see 3.11);
b) saws for ripping: straight sharpened (see 3.12).
7.2.5 The handle shall be of the closed type.
7.2.6 When tested in accordance with A. 1 the blade shall be capable of being bent in both directions round a test block with a diameter of 2.0 mm, after which it shall spring hack to its original straightness.
7.3 Class3
7.3.1 A class 3 saw is a first grade general duty saw. which shall he straight-backed, sharpened, bright or coated with or without hardpoint teeth and with an injection-nioulded plastic handle or a wooden handle.
7.3.2 The blade shall be flat ground or as rolled.
7.3.3 The toothed edge shall be straight.
7.3.4 The teeth shall he shaqwned as follows:
a) saws for cross-cutting, straight sharpened (see 3.12);
h) saws for ripping, straight sharpened (see 3.12).
7.3.5 The handle shall be of the closed type.
7.3.6 When tested in accordance with A. 1, the blade shall be capable of being bent in both directions round a test block with a diameter of 300 mm, after which it shall spring back to its original straightness.
7.4 Class 4
7.4.1 A class 4 saw, used for general duty in the DIY environment, shall be straight-backed, unsharpened, with a bright or coated finish with an uijection-iuoulded plastics handle or a wooden handle.
7.4.2 The blade shall be flat ground, or as rolled.
7.4.3 The toothed edge shall be straight.
7.4.4 The handle shall be of the closed type.
7.4.5 When tested in accordance with A. 1 the blade shall be capable of being bent in both (lirectiunS round a test block with a diameter of :100 mm after which it shall spring back to its original straightness.BS 3159-1 pdf free download.Woodworking saws for hand use