Dispersibility of Disperse Dyes

AATCC 146-2015 pdf free.Dispersibility of Disperse Dyes: Filter Test.
8.1 Classify and report the following:
8.1.1 Test Number (see 10.6 and Table I).
8.1.2 Class according to filtration rate (see 7.1).
8.1.3 Class according to amount of residue (see 7.2).
Example: I-A-3, where I is the Test Number (Whatman #2 over Whatman #4); A indicates the time of filtration (0 24 s); and 3 represents amount of residue on filter paper as compared with a standard photographic chart.
9. Precision and Bias
9.1 Precision. Precision for this test method has not been established. Until aprecision statement is generated for thistest method, use standard statistical tech-niques in making any comparisons of testresults for either within-laboratory orbetween-laboratory averages.
9.2 Bias.The dispersibility of dispersedyes can be defined only in terms of a testmethod.There is no independent methodfor determining the true value. As ameans of estimating this property，themethod has no known bias.
10. Notes
10.1 The results of this test method canvary widely unless all details are run under theconditions outlined.Any variation in the con-ditions can cause the test to be invalid. Resultshave been shown to be repeatable in severallaboratories when the specified conditionswere met.
10.2 Variations in results can be caused bydifferences in the diameter of the filter funneldue to differences in surface area.
10.3 The dye standard is always included sothat the influence of any operator inducedvariable on the results is minimized.
10.4 Whatman paper is specified because itwas used by all participants in developing thistest method. Any other filter paper whichgives equivalent results may be used.Two fil-ter papers are used to provide a more uniformvacuum across the filtering surface.The filterpaper is used as received in the box with theslick side up to avoid variations due to texturedifferences on the rough side.The coarser pa-per should always be on the bottom. Other pa-pers may be used if quality and microretentionare exactly the same as the Whatman paper.Whatman #2——Filters particles above 8 um.Whatman tf4——Filters particles above 25 um.10.5 Tests I,I and I are defined asfollows:
Test I-Whatman #2filter paper overWhatman #4 filter paper. This test is designedto evaluate the most critical dispersion re-quirements such as for package dyeing ofpolyester.
Test II—Whatman #4filter paper overWhatman #4 filter paper. This test is designedto evaluate dispersion requirements for dyeingat longer liquor ratios (such as beck dyeing).Tests I and ll are carried out at an acid pHof 4.5-5.0 to reflect common dyeing practicesfor disperse dyes on polyester fiber.
Test m—Whatman #4 filter paper overWhatman #4 filter paper.This test is designedto evaluate the dispersion requirements of dis-perse dyes for application on nylon (carpet andapparel dyeing).The pH of 9-10 specified forthis test reflects common industrial practice.10.6 Since the Whatman filter paper is cel-lulosic in nature,it can swell quite readilywhen wet out. Therefore，if the paper isprewet, the time of filtration will go up as a re-sult of the wet out temperature and/or timelag. Thus it is imperative that the paper not bewet prior to the test, since the micron retentionof the paper is reduced.This is the reason forthe stainless steel ring，which holds the filterpaper in place without prewetting.On dyeswhich have a very small particle size,thespeed of filtration will not be changed to a siz-able degree by a vacuum alteration. However,a reduced vacuum can result in faster filtration times on dyes of larger particle size, since thesuction is not as great.On dyes of larger parti-cle size,an increased vacuum will block thepaper faster, slowing up the filtration rate, andthus swelling the paper more. This results inhigher filtration times and more residual dyeon the paper.
10.7 The funnel should always be preheatedwith 200-300 mL of water heated to 71°C(160°F) and then wiped dry so that the disper-sion will not be reduced in temperature by acold funnel.The preheating cycle should al-ways come just prior to running the tests with-out the paper in place.AATCC 146 pdf download.Dispersibility of Disperse Dyes