BS EN 81-20:2014 Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts – Lifts for the transport of persons and goods Part 20: Passenger and goods passenger lifts

BS EN 81-20:2014 pdf free.Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts – Lifts for the transport of persons and goods Part 20: Passenger and goods passenger lifts.
0.2.1 The object of this standard is to define safety rules related to passenger and goods passenger lifts with a view to safeguarding persons and objects against the risk of accidents associated with the normal use, maintenance and emergency operation of lifts,
0.2.2 A study has been made of the various possible hazards with lifts, see Clause 4.
0.2.2.1 Persons to be safeguarded:
a) users, including passengers and competent and authorized persons, e.g. maintenance and inspection personnel (see EN 13015);
b) persons in the surrounding area of the well, or any machine room and pulley room, who may be effected by the lift.
0.2.2.2 Property to be safeguarded:
a) loads in car;
b) components of the lift installation;
c) building in which the lift is installed;
d) the immediate surrounding area of the lift installation.
NOTE EN 81.71 gives additional requirements covering lifts resistant to acts of vandalism and EN 81.77 gives additional requirements covering lifts in seismic conditions.
0.2.3 When the weight, size and/or shape of components prevent them from being moved by hand, they are:
a) either fitted with attachments for lifting gear; or
b) designed so that they can be fitted with such attachments (e.g. by means of threaded holes); or
C) shaped in such a way that standard lifting gear can easily be attached.
0.3 Principles
0.3.1 General
In drawing up this standard the following principles have been used:
0.3.2 This standard does not repeat all the general technical rules applicable to every electrical, mechanical, or building construction including the protection of building elements against fire.
It has, however, been necessary to establish certain requirements of good construction, either because they are peculiar to lift manufacture or because in the case of lift utilization the requirements may be more stringent than elsewhere.
0.3.3 This standard states minimum rules for the installation of lifts into buildingslconstructions. There may be in some countries regulations for the construction of buildings etc. which cannot be ignored.
Typical clauses affected by this are those defining minimum values for the height of the machine and pulley rooms and for their access doors dimensions.
0.3.4 As far as possible the standard sets out only the requirements that materials and equipment have to meet in the interests of safe operation of lifts.
0.3.5 Risk analysis, terminology and technical solutions have been considered taking into account the methods of EN ISO 12100, EN ISO 14798 and the EN 61508 series of standards.
0.3.6 In order for EN 81-20 to be a widely applicable standard the average weight of a person has been determined to be 75 kg.
This standard defines the maximum car area related to a specified design load in the car (rated load) and the minimum car area to transport a corresponding number of persons, based on 75 kg per person, in order to detect and discourage overloading.
0.4 Assumptions
0.4.1 General
In drawing up this standard the following assumptions have been made:
0.4.2 Negotiations have been made between the customer and the supplier and agreement reached about:
a) the intended use of the lift;
b) the type and mass of the handling devices intended to be used to load and unload the car in the case of goods passenger lifts;
c) environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, exposure to sun or wind, snow, corrosive atmosphere;
d) civil engineering problems (for example, building regulations);
e) other aspects related to the place of installation;
f) the dissipation of heat from the components I equipment of the lift which would require ventilation of the well and/or the machinery space I location of equipment;
g) information concerning the aspects relating to noise and vibrations emitted by the equipment.
0.4.3 Relevant risks have been considered for each component that may be incorporated in a complete lift installation and rules have been drawn up accordingly:
Components are:
a) designed in accordance with usual engineering practice (see FprCENITR 81-12) and calculation codes, taking into account all failure modes;
b) of sound mechanical and electrical construction;
c) made of materials with adequate strength and of suitable quality;
d) free ofdefects;
e) free from harmful materials, e.g. asbestos.
0.4.4 Components are kept in good repair and working order, so that the required dimensions remain fulfilled despite wear. All lift components are considered as requiring inspection to ensure safe continued operation during their use.
The operational clearances specified in the standard should be maintained not only during the examination and tests before the lift is put into service, but also throughout the life of the lift.
NOTE Components not requiring maintenance (e.g. maintenance free, sealed for life) are still required to be available for inspection.
0.4.5 Components will be selected and installed so that foreseeable environmental influences and special working conditions do not affect the safe operation of the lift.
0.4.6 By design of the load bearing elements, safe normal operation of the lift is assured for loads ranging from 0 % to 100 % of the rated load, plus any designed overload capacity (see 5.12.1.2).
0.4.7 The requirements of this standard are such that the possibility of a failure of an electric safety device
(see 5.11.2) or a type tested safety component complying with all the requirements of this standard and
EN 81-50 needs not to be taken into consideration.
0.4.8 Users have to be safeguarded against their own negligence and unwitting carelessness when using the lift in the intended way.
0.4.9 A user may, in certain cases, make one imprudent act. The possibility of two simultaneous acts of imprudence and/or the abuse of instructions for use is not considered.
0.4.10 If in the course of maintenance work a safety device, normally not accessible to the users, is deliberately neutralized, safe operation of the lift is no longer assured, but compensatory measures will be taken to ensure users safety in conformity with maintenance instructions.
It is assumed that maintenance personnel are instructed and work according to the instructions.
0.4.11 Horizontal forces and/or energies to consider are indicated in the applicable clauses of the standard. Typically, where not otherwise specified in this standard, the energy exerted by a person results in an equivalent static force of:
a) 300 N;
b) 1000 N where impact can occur.
0.4.12 With the exception of the items listed below which have been given special consideration, a mechanical device built according to good practice and the requirements of the standard, including uncontrolled slipping of the ropes on the traction sheave will not deteriorate to a point of creating hazard without the possibility of detection provided that all of the instructions given by the manufacturer have been duly applied:
a) breakage of the suspension;
b) breakage and slackening of all linkage by auxiliary ropes, chains and belts;
c) failure of one of the mechanical components of the electromechanical brake which take part in the application of the braking action on the drum or disk;
d) failure of a component associated with the main drive elements and the traction sheave;
e) rupture in the hydraulic system (jack excluded);
f) small leakage in the hydraulic system (jack included, see 6.3.10).
0.4.13 The possibility of the safety gear not engaging, should the car free fall from a stationary position at the lowest landing, before the car strikes the buffer(s) is considered acceptable.
0.4.14 When the speed of the car is linked to the electrical frequency of the mains, the speed is assumed not to exceed 115 % of the rated speed or a corresponding lesser speed where specified in this standard for inspection control, level’ing, etc.
0.4.15 Means of access are provided for the hoisting of heavy equipment (see 0.4.2 e)).
0.4.16 To ensure the correct functioning of the equipment in the well and machinery space(s), i.e. taking into account the heat dissipated by the equipment, the ambient temperature in the well and the machinery space(s) is assumed to be maintained between + 5 °C and + 40 °C.
NOTE See HD 60364-5-51, Code AA5.
0.4.17 The well is suitably ventilated, according to national building regulation, taking into consideration the heat output as specified by the manufacturer, the environmental conditions of the lift and the limits given in 0.4.16, e.g. ambient temperature, humidity, direct sunlight, air quality and air tightness of buildings due to energy saving requirements.BS EN 81-20 pdf download.BS EN 81-20:2014 Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts – Lifts for the transport of persons and goods Part 20: Passenger and goods passenger lifts