BS EN 12681:2003 – Founding — Radiographic examination
1 Scope
This European Standard gives specific procedures for industrial X-radiation and gamma radiography for discontinuity detection purposes, using film techniques. These procedures are applicable to castings produced by any casting process, especially for steel, cast iron, magnesium, zinc, copper, nickel, aluminium, titanium and any alloys of them.
This European Standard does not apply to:
the testing of welded joints;
acceptance criteria;
radioscopy (real time inspection).
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text, and the publications are listed hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this European Standard only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the publication referred to applies (including amendments).
EN 444:1994, Non-destructive testing — General principles for radiographic examination of metallic materials by X-and gamma-rays.
EN 462-1, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 1: Image quality indicators (wire type) — Determination of image quality value.
EN 462-2, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 2: Image quality indicators (step/hole type) — Determination of image quality value.
EN 462-3, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 3: Image quality classes for ferrous metals.
EN 462-4, Non-destructive testing — Image quality of radiographs — Part 4: Experimental evaluation of image quality values and image quality tables.
EN 25580, Non-destructive testing — Industrial radiographic illuminators — Minimum requirements (ISO 5580 :1985).
NOTE Informative references to documents used in the preparation of this standard, and cited at the appropriate places in the text, are listed in the bibliography.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this European Standard the terms and definitions given in EN 444:1994 apply.
4 General
4.1 Protection against ionizing radiations
Local, national or international safety precautions shall be strictly applied, when using ionizing radiation.
WARNING: Exposure of any part of the human body to X-rays or gamma-rays can be highly injurious to health.
4.2 General requirements
This European Standard shall be used in combination with EN 444.
Examination reports shall be made according to EN 444.
4.3 Agreements
Castings with a complex geometry can include areas which cannot be radiographically inspected or can only be partly inspected. Such areas shall be identified before starting the radiographic examination. Areas which cannot be radiographicly inspected shall be noted by all contracting parties and be marked on the film position plan.
The following items shall be agreed:
a) manufacturing stage;
b) extent of examination;
c) examination areas;
d) surface condition;
e) test class according to EN 444 1) ;
f) information about the film position plan;
g) marking of examination areas on the casting;
h) image quality value according to EN 462-3 and EN 462-4;
i) marking of the films;
j) acceptance criteria.
Any additional items shall be agreed between the contracting parties.
Radiographs shall be evaluated by comparison to reference radiographs.
BS EN 12681:2003 – Founding — Radiographic examination